History

-no 1848, results in weaker Czech revival

-Austria spearheads german unification, results in spectre of Bohemia being pushed into it

-serfdom is abolished later, without 1848 happening

-by the time serfdom is abolished, industrial revolution is in full effect

-an Austria-led Zollverein means urbanization in late 19th century brings Germans in

-in this environment, Czech revival matures

-also Czech migrants to Vienna, saxony, etc face horrific xenophobia, are forced to assimilate, this strengthens Czech nationalism further

-urbanization brings large numbers of Czechs from countryside into cities, results in large confrontations with Germans

-when Austria is forced to democratize in late nineteenth century, results in Czech German tensions getting displayed in bohemian, Moravian, and Silesian diets

-also talk of merging Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia into one single diet emerges, despite Moravian nationalist desires to remain separate this gains steam

-period of attempted germanization after French Wars > Fourth French War (1880-4), but it fails and makes tensions worse

-eventually in 1910s, after a Czech general strike and mass protests, habsburgs are brought to the table and negotiate Bohemia being autonomous from Germany but with high economic ties

-Bohemia has universal suffrage because any and all qualifications on suffrage result in accusations of over-representing the very large German minority

-when Germany is definitively unified in 1920s, Bohemia is otherwise excluded from new ties and it retains internal autonomy despite German representatives in General Assembly of Bohemia clamouring for full union

-nevertheless there is ambiguity over whether Bohemia is part of Germany which lasts to the modern day

-socialism in Bohemia is at first a generally German phenomenon in the German-dominated factories due to belief of German being a more international language, later a Czech socialist movement emerges separate from it

-Moravian nationalist revival emerges

-emergence of “Bohemianist” movement which seeks to unify Czechs and bohemian Germans in a civic identity

-neo-Hussite church emerges in name of Czech identity, converts a lot of people but it is generally a phenomenon in Bohemia proper only

-emergence of Catholic democracy